September, 1997


The FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRCRAFT COMPANY  is proud to present it's latest 
creation (WBC337.ZIP):
___________________________________________________________________________________

1980  CESSNA  MODEL 337 SKYMASTER SERIES - FEATURING
     1.  Turbo Skymaster  (tskymstr.zip)
     2.  Pressurized Skymaster  (pskymstr.zip)
___________________________________________________________________________________


INTRODUCTION 

It's been called the Bugsmasher, Sky Thrasher, Pushpuller and Mixmaster but no matter
what you call it, it's one fine looking airplane.  Though I've never piloted a Skymaster,
I've always admired them from afar.  I just found out that a non-local cousin of mine
actually owned one for quite a few years and I didn't even know it.  Boy, did he get a
"thrashing".

This FSFS model actually goes back to March of 1996 when it was my first attempt at
aircraft design following my purchase of the (then new) Program.  I completed (?) it in
May of that year and flew it around the world, stopping at each and every default
airport in Flight Simulator 5.0. (yes, I am a fan).  The original version was a fairly decent
visual model but since I had no clue as to how to use the texturing portion of the
Program, I "painted" the visual model with "insignia parts".  It bled, it flashed, it behaved
very badly from a visual standpoint.  Since it wasn't quite right (and since I wasn't yet
on-line) I never uploaded the original model.

I took some time off and in August of 1996, I started crafting the first "Frank Lloyd Wright
Brothers" creation, the 1980 Cessna 185 on both floats and wheels (WBC185.ZIP) and
uploaded same in October of that year.  I revisited the "Flight Shop" again in June of
this year, made some bug fixes to the 185's and uploaded version II (WBC185v2.ZIP), the
first week of July

Well, while I was "in the groove"  I thought I'd use what I had learned in crafting the 185's
and clean-up the Skymaster.  "Shouldn't take long", I said.  "It's already done - I'll just
paint it and let it go", I mused.  Well I started it in early July and on the last day of
August, both versions were pronounced complete.  As it ended up, I essentially rebuilt
every square inch of the model in an effort to achieve the best visual accuracy
possible in this Program (as an Architect, visual accuracy is important).  Once this was
done, I had numerous bleeds and flashes to correct which took the better part of three
weeks.....trial and error.....error and trial..... trial and error.

So here they are.  Still not perfect.  The  extended flaps flash when viewed from the rear
quarter views, with the a/c in a nose down configuration (I  need to glue the flap
component to the wing component, but at present, I've used all 540 available parts. 
The left-hand tip of the rear prop disappears for an instant behind the wing when the 

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view switches from rear-quarter to the rear view (ya got me?).  But for the most part,
they're acceptable and I HOPE YOU ENJOY THEM!

You may wish to view the flight photographs (.pcx files), prior to installing, so you know
what you are getting.



SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

1.        Microsoft Flight Simulator Version 5.1 and BAO/Apollo's Flight Simulator Flight Shop
OR
2.        Microsoft Flight Simulator for Windows 95 and Microsoft's Converter



LIST OF FILES IN WBC337.ZIP:

1.  Cessna Turbo Skymaster  (skymstr.ZIP)
               a.   skymstr.AIR - Aircraft File
               b.   skymstr.0AF through tskymstr.8AF - Texture Files
               c.   skymstr.PCX - Flight Photograph

2.  Cessna Pressurized Skymaster  (skymstrp.ZIP)
               a.   skymstrp.AIR - Aircraft File
               b.   skymstrp.0AF through pskymstr.7AF - Texture Files
               c.   skymstrp.PCX - Flight Photograph

3.   General Files
               a.   WBC337.TXT - This text file
          



INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS  (FS5.1):

1.  Do yourself a favor and read this document from beginning to end.
2.  Unzip these files to a temporary subdirectory.
3.  Copy the tskymstr.AIR  and pskymstr.AIR files to the "PILOTS" 
     Subdirectory.
4.  Copy the tskymstr.*AF and pskymstr.*AF files to the "TEXTURE"
     Subdirectory.
5.  Copy the text files to a subdirectory of your choice.




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FLIGHT SIMULATOR FOR WINDOWS 95 NOTES

Unfortunately, I'm somewhat at a loss as I prepare notes for FSW95 users, since l am still
using ol' reliable, FS5.1.  Not that I'm easily contented, although I am still using a 486 DX2-
66 machine with frame rates which hover (and that's the proper term) around 3 to 5
fps.   Follow the instructions with the Microsoft FSFS Aircraft Converter to convert these
FSFS Aircraft to Flight Simulator for Windows 95 (FS6).



AIRCRAFT FEATURES  (both versions have the same features):

a.  Nose, tail and wingtip navigation lights:                   Lights key (L)
b.  Tail and wingtip beacons:                                          Strobes key (O)
c.  Flaps:                                                                               Flap keys (F7 & F8)
d.  Retractable landing gear:                                          Gear key (G)
e.  Tie-down ropes:                                                             Spoiler key (/)
          


SOURCES:

 1.  Spec., performance and scaled drawings for 1980 Cessna Skymaster as
      provided by Cessna Aircraft Co., Wichita, Kansas. (From November 13, 1979
      News Release)
 2.  1969 and 1970 model literature from the Cessna Aircraft Co.
 3.  Used Airplane Report, "Flying Magazine", April, 1997.



SKYMASTER PROFILE (OR SOMETHING TO PONDER WHILST YOU FLY)

The concept behind the Skymaster design was to provide an intermediate step-up for
those pilots wishing to move from singles to twins.  One element of flying conventional
twins is the dangerous yaw encountered when one of the two engines fails.  With the
Skymaster configuration, one prop pushing and the other pulling and both in-line, what
Cessna called "Center-line Thrust", the problem of an engine-out emergency would be
easier and safer to handle.  Actually, Cessna, in it's early development of the Skymaster
was hoping to get the  FAA to permit it's use without requiring a Twin Rating.  It didn't
work out exactly that way, although even now, there is a type rating for this
configuration which permits the pilot to fly center-line thrust aircraft, but not
conventional twins.

Initially planned for the 1962 Model Year, the Cessna Skymaster 336 debuted in 1964  in
the same general configuration as later models, but with fixed landing gear (go figure).
The 336 had an unfortunate angle of incidence in the wing which made the pilot feel 

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as if he were flying along with the nose too high.  Only 195 were produced.  The next
model year, the 337 Super Skymaster was released with retractable landing gear, but
without any increase in powerplants.  The wing problem was remedied and the 337
was priced the same as the 336.

Of the two models presented herein, the turbocharged version was introduced in 1967
and the pressurized version was added in 1973.  The turbo dropped out of the line after
the 1971 model but came back as a 1978.  These in the 1980 model line were the last
Skymasters to be produced by Cessna.  Over their history, there were only 357
Pressurized Skymasters and 1,951 of the turbo and the standard Skymasters produced. 
As of this month, there are only 57 of the 357 pressurized Skymasters still registered with
the FAA.  It would appear that you will soon be flying one of a dying breed.

The original price of the 1980 turbo Skymaster f.a.f (fly away factory)  was $121,000 and
for the pressurized version, $159,000.  The special "II" models, which added additional
avionics also added about $19,000 to the base price.

The Skymaster will long be remembered for it's innovative design and in my opinion, for
it's beautiful silhouette against the sky.




PERFORMANCE - TURBOCHARGED VERSION

Speed:
     Maximum at 20,000 feet:                                                         207 knots
     80% Cruise at 20,000 feet:                                                        200 knots
     80% Cruise at 10,000 feet:                                                        182 knots

Range:
     80% power at 20,000 feet (888 pounds usable fuel):          925 nm/4.8 hrs.
     Max range at 10,000 feet (888 pounds usable fuel):         1,080 nm/7.7 hrs.

Rate of Climb @ sea level (twin engine):                                  1.060 fpm
Rate of Climb @ sea level (single engine):                                   335 fpm

Service Ceiling (single engine):                                                  16,500 ft.
Certificated Max Operating Altitude:                                      20,000 ft.

Takeoff performance:
     ground roll:                                                                                 1,000 ft.
     total over 50' obstacle:                                                            1.675 ft.

Landing performance:
     ground roll:                                                                                   700 ft.

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     total over 50' obstacle:                                                           1,650 ft.

Stall speed:
     flaps up - power off:                                                                 70 knots
     flaps down - power off:                                                            61 knots

Standard empty weight:                                                               2,899 lb.
Maximum weight @ t/o:                                                               4,6300 lb.



PERFORMANCE - PRESSURIZED VERSION

Speed:
     Maximum at 20,000 feet:                                                         212 knots
     75% Cruise at 20,000 feet:                                                        205 knots
     75% Cruise at 10,000 feet:                                                        186 knots

Range:
     75% power at 20,000 feet (888 pounds usable fuel):          935 nm/4.8 hrs.
     Max range at 10,000 feet (888 pounds usable fuel):         1,110 nm/7.3 hrs.

Rate of Climb @ sea level (twin engine):                                  1.170 fpm
Rate of Climb @ sea level (single engine):                                   375 fpm

Service Ceiling (single engine):                                                  18,700 ft.
Certificated Max Operating Altitude:                                      20,000 ft.

Takeoff performance:
     ground roll:                                                                                   945 ft.
     total over 50' obstacle:                                                            1.500 ft.

Landing performance:
     ground roll:                                                                                   795 ft.
     total over 50' obstacle:                                                           1,675 ft.

Stall speed:
     flaps up - power off:                                                                 70 knots
     flaps down - power off:                                                            62 knots

Standard empty weight:                                                               3,078 lb.
Maximum weight @ t/o:                                                                 4,700 lb.


                         
 

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SPECIFICATIONS (COMMON TO BOTH AIRCRAFT)

Wing span:                                                       38'-2"

Wing area:                                                       202.5 s.f.

Length:                                                              29'-10"

Height:                                                                 9'-2"

Total fuel capacity:                                       150.6 gal.

Engines:                                                          Two Teledyne Continental TSIO-360-CB                
                                                                         Turbocharged, Fuel Injection Engines: 
                                                                         210 bhp @ 2,800 rpm (turbo) and 225 bhp @      
                                                                         2,800 rpm (pressurized)
                                                                      
Propeller:                                                         Constant speed, full feathering,  2 blades, 78    
                                                                          Inches diameter (front) and 76 inches                
                                                                          diameter (rear).



FSFS DESIGN NOTES

The Skymaster models you are about to fly have been detailed to be as
aerodynamically and visually accurate as possible recognizing the confines of the FSFS
Program and time itself.  Detailing on both models has been performed in accordance
with the three-view drawings supplied to me by Cessna Aircraft in 1980.  From the
standpoint of flying from the spotter view (outside the aircraft) the models can be
viewed acceptably with a zoom factor as low as "2", but to appreciate the detail, I
usually fly with a zoom of "3" or "4".  On approach or whenever I wish to look around, I
can then zoom down to get a better feel for the pattern and the surrounding
countryside.

Both models taxi quite well and are very responsive on the ground.  Because they are
"trikes" there should be none of the bounce and "nervousness" experienced with my
taildragger 185 when converted for FSFW95 use.

I've arranged the engine control so that you should have independent control of each
engine as follows.  With both engines running, press the "M" key followed by one strike of
the "-" key (you're reducing RPM by going from 2 mags to 1).  Wait a few moments and
you will notice the prop circle of the rear engine cease followed by the appearance of
the rear propeller.  Strike the "-" key two more times and the front engine will stop(you're
going from 1 mag to off).  This feature works in the reverse as well.  With both engines
stopped, press the "M" key followed by one strike of the "+" key.  You should 

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immediately see the front prop disappear and front prop circle appear.  Strike the "+"
key twice more to commence operation of the rear engine.  Hopefully this feature will
work as described on your computers as it does on mine.  Some of you may notice that
when the Turbo version is loading with the engines running, the rear prop has not yet
started.  After loading, wait a few seconds and the rear engine will start automatically.

The engine start up routine goes hand in hand with the use of the tie-down ropes
designed into both models.  When you taxi to your final "parking" area, bring the
engines to a stop using the procedure described above. Once the engines, lights and
strobes are off, press the "/" key and the tie-down ropes will appear.  I spent a lot of
time on these, we wouldn't want them to blow away <G>.

This Program is amazing, without tweaking anything in the Flight Dynamics Editor,
immediately upon flight testing the models as constructed, they flew as I understand
the real ones do, with overly responsive elevator.  I presume this is due to the large
horizontal stabilizer and elevator.  I did go into the FDE and adjusted the Pitch Stability
Scaler to reduce this tendency and improve the flight dynamics. Like many aircraft
designers, I likewise had to artificially increase the base horsepower of both models in
order to achieve more accurate max and cruise speeds.

The Turbo version is painted in a slight variant of the 1970 factory paint scheme.  The
Pressurized version is painted in a variant of the 1980 factory paint and is sporting
deicing boots on the leading edges of the wings and the horizontal stabilizer.  I
included the boots even though the Skymasters are not rated for operations in icing
conditions.  It may come in handy though, if you find yourself caught inadvertently in
such conditions.

On take-off with 20 degrees of flaps,  both models appear to rotate at about 98 knots.  I
don't know if this is realistic or not.  Be careful to keep the nose down as she'll want to
reach for the stars, especially when the gear is retracted.  I usually keep rate of climb
around 1000 fpm and retract the flaps at 110 knots.  According to the specs, the
recommended approach speed is 83 knots, although I've had better luck, in these
models anyway, with a slightly speedier approach.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks go to Rush Mueller for his on-line advice: "break it up and glue it back
together";  to Goetz Scheuermann for his advice on how to "stop the bleeding";  to
Stefan 'Doe'  Doebereiner, again, for his excellent "AF5PAINT' program (Version 2.0)
which was utilized in the Skymaster's artwork. (It's available for download from 
http://www.naples.net/~nfn00200/iup.html in the May 1997 section); to Frank Safranek
for his idea to render both the Pressurized as well as the Turbo version;  and last but not
least to my wife and kids for their indulgence of me in this most time consuming of
pastimes.


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DISCLAIMER AND  USE

These files are intended for private entertainment purposes only.  I will not accept any
responsibility for damage or loss of data incurred directly or indirectly from the use of
these files.  These files may be copied, distributed, transmitted, uploaded or
downloaded only as long as all files remain together and proper credit is noted.  The
files may not be modified, edited or otherwise be made to appear to be your own.  No 
monetary gain may be made by the sale of these files in whole or in part.  Inclusion of
these files or any part thereof in CD form with other software as part of bundled
shareware or freeware is strictly prohibited without the prior express written permission
of the author of these files.  By copying the content of this file to your FS5/FS95
directories, you are agreeing to the terms of this disclaimer.  But hey, have fun and
HAPPY LANDINGS!!

I hope you are pleased with these files and enjoy them!  It would be nice to hear from
you with regard to your impressions of this work.  Again, many thanks!


God's Blessings

Donn E. Bohde  CIS 105213,3330
debohde@compuserve.com
debohde@flash.net
Frank Lloyd Wright Brothers Aircraft Company 
Roseville, Michigan



